Struktur Sosial dan Perubahan Sosial dalam Perspektif Habitus dan Modal
Keywords:
social structur, habitus, capitalAbstract
This article examines social structure and social change from the perspective of Pierre Bourdieu's theory, focusing on the concepts of habitus and capital. The study employs a qualitative approach based on library research, reviewing literature on Bourdieu’s theory as well as contemporary sociological studies related to social structure and dynamics. The analysis shows that social structure, habitus, and capital are interrelated in a dialectical process. Social structure provides a relational framework for individual practices, while habitus functions as a set of dispositions guiding everyday practices and enabling the reproduction or transformation of structures. Capital—whether economic, cultural, social, or symbolic—serves as the main instrument determining social positions and opportunities for social mobility within specific social arenas. Social change is understood as the result of social practices that occur gradually, cumulatively, and contextually. The accumulation and conversion of capital facilitate social mobility, while the interaction between habitus and structure opens space for gradual structural transformation. Bourdieu’s theory offers a strong analytical framework to understand social differentiation, inequality, and changes in lifestyle and taste in modern societies. This study emphasizes Bourdieu’s theoretical contribution in explaining the relationship between structure, agency, and social practices, while highlighting the importance of a relational approach to understanding complex social change. Further research is recommended using empirical data to examine the relevance of habitus and capital in specific social contexts.
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