Journal of Bisnis Tani (JBTANI/Bistan) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published twice a year, in April and December, focusing on the fields of agricultural socio-economics. The journal aims to provide a platform for the dissemination of high-quality research articles that explore various dimensions of agribusiness, agricultural economics, agricultural and rural development communication, as well as both macro and micro studies within the scope of agricultural socio-economic sciences. Scope and Focus Bistan covers a wide range of topics including, but not limited to: Strategic and operational aspects of agribusiness systems and value chains. Agricultural policy analysis and rural economic development. Socio-economic impacts of agricultural innovation and technology adoption. Communication strategies for agricultural and rural development. Market trends, entrepreneurship, and sustainable agricultural business models. Socio-economic and environmental studies related to agriculture and rural communities. Editorial and Management The journal is managed and published by the Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Teuku Umar, Aceh Barat, Indonesia. Bistan strives to uphold academic integrity and high editorial standards by implementing a rigorous peer-review process, engaging qualified reviewers and editorial board members with expertise in the relevant fields. Mission and Contribution Bistan seeks to bridge the gap between theoretical research and practical applications in agricultural socio-economics. By providing an accessible forum for academics, practitioners, policymakers, and students, the journal contributes to the dissemination of knowledge and the development of innovative solutions addressing contemporary challenges in agriculture and rural development.
Agribusiness Deparment Teuku Umar University
The Impact of Commodity Price Cycles on Financial Performance: Operating Leverage, Cost Stickiness, and Financial Resilience Asymmetry in The Palm Oil Sector
The Indonesian palm oil industry holds a strategic global position; however, its status as a price-taker renders the financial performance of its constituent business entities highly vulnerable to extreme fluctuations in the global commodity market. This study, therefore, aims to analyze the transmission impact of global Crude Palm Oil (CPO) price volatility on the financial performance of Indonesian palm oil issuers, and to identify asymmetries in financial resilience attributable to differences in business model structures. Employing a quantitative approach with a comparative descriptive analysis method, this research examines the audited financial statements of five major palm oil companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange - TAPG, SSMS, DSNG, SMAR, and AALI - spanning two distinct macroeconomic cycles during the 2019–2024 period. The findings demonstrate that during the price escalation phase (2019 - 2022), all issuers experienced substantial operating leverage, wherein average selling price appreciation was transmitted exponentially into net profit growth that markedly outpaced revenue growth. A significant resilience asymmetry was also identified: upstream-oriented entities maintained thicker and more adaptive profitability margins compared to downstream-integrated entities, which were disproportionately susceptible to fluctuations in third-party input costs. Upon entering the price normalization phase (2023 - 2024), a margin compression phenomenon emerged, empirically corroborating the theory of cost stickiness. Structural costs that had expanded aggressively during the escalation period proved to be downward rigid, resisting immediate reduction as reference prices corrected. These findings underscore that vertical integration strategies and disciplined fixed-cost management constitute the key determinants of financial resilience amid the uncertainty inherent in global commodity price cycles.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Digitalized Financial Recordkeeping and Financial Analysis in Oil Palm Farming Businesses in Tador Village
Smallholder oil palm farmers in Indonesia face persistent challenges in structured financial recordkeeping, which is a fundamental prerequisite for digital transformation in farm management. This study aims to analyze factors associated with financial recordkeeping practices and assess the readiness for digital adoption among oil palm smallholders in Laut Tador Village, North Sumatra. A quantitative survey was conducted with 86 respondents selected using stratified random sampling from a population of 190 farmers. The dependent variable was financial recordkeeping activity (yes/no), while independent variables included age, education, income, farming experience, land ownership status, and training experience in financial recordkeeping. Binary logistic regression was employed, complemented by descriptive analysis of digital readiness indicators (smartphone ownership, social media use, and willingness to adopt technology). The results show that only 10 farmers (11.6%) had ever participated in financial recordkeeping training, and none had implemented routine digital-based recordkeeping. Logistic regression revealed that income (p = 0.036) and training experience (p = 0.027) were significantly associated with recordkeeping activity, while age, education, farming experience, and land ownership status were not. Regarding digital readiness, 80% of farmers expressed willingness to adopt digital technology, and the majority owned smartphones and used WhatsApp or Facebook. However, a substantial gap exists between willingness and actual practice. The logistic model had limited stability due to the small number of events (n = 10), and findings should be interpreted as exploratory. This study concludes that financial recordkeeping practices among smallholder oil palm farmers remain low, and digital readiness while promising has not translated into action. Training and income enhancement are key leverage points for intervention.
Multi Actor Communication Dynamics in Mangrove Ecotourism Management and Their Impact on Destination Sustainability in North Pariaman District Pariaman City
This study examines multi-actor communication dynamics in the management of mangrove ecotourism in Apar Village, North Pariaman District, Pariaman City, and their implications for destination sustainability. Using a qualitative constructivist case approach, the research analyzes planning and operational communication processes by engaging nine purposively selected informants, including village authorities, enterprise managers, and community members. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, field observations, and a review of village documents, which were then analyzed through a thematic coding process. Findings indicate that participatory dialogue during the planning stage generated strong social legitimacy. However, as management entered the operational phase, communication fragmentation and unclear role distribution triggered institutional conflict. Visitor trends suggest a correlation between communication stability and destination performance, with peak arrivals in 2021 followed by operational suspension in 2022. The impacts were multidimensional, affecting economic, social and environmental stability. The study suggests that convergent communication functions as a strategic framework for restoring trust, strengthening institutional legitimacy and potentially ensuring the long-term sustainability of community-based coastal tourism.
Keywords: Coastal governance, Community-based ecotourism, Destination sustainability, Mangrove ecotourism, Multi-actor communication. .
Growth and Yield Responses and Their Implications for Farm Efficiency of Several Hybrid Maize Varieties as Affected by NPK Fertilizer Rates
This study aimed to evaluate the growth and yield responses of several hybrid maize varieties to NPK fertilizer application and to assess their implications for farming efficiency. The experiment was conducted from January 2025 to May 2025 at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Simalungun. A randomized block design with two factors was used, consisting of three hybrid maize varieties (Pioneer 32, BISI 18, and NK 6232) and three NPK fertilizer rates (200, 250, and 300 kg/ha). Growth and yield parameters were observed and analyzed using analysis of variance followed by the Least Significant Difference test at 5%. The results showed that maize varieties and NPK fertilizer rates significantly affected most growth and yield parameters. Hybrid varieties that achieved high yield performance at moderate fertilizer rates demonstrated better farming efficiency, indicating that optimal input management is essential for sustainable maize production.
Revitalizing Palm Oil Production Based on a Comparison of Actual and Ideal Production at PT. Agro Sinergi Nusantara Kebun Batee Puteh, West Aceh
Oil palm productivity is influenced by plant age, land suitability, and plant population density per hectare. This study aimed to analyze the gap between actual fresh fruit bunch (FFB) production and ideal production based on Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute (PPKS) standards at PT. Agro Sinergi Nusantara Batee Puteh Estate, West Aceh. Secondary data from 2015–2024 were analyzed descriptively by comparing actual, potential, and ideal production. The results showed a significant gap between actual and potential yields. At peak productive age (9–10 years), potential yields reached 34–35 ton ha⁻¹, while actual yields only reached 7.43–8.40 ton ha⁻¹. Suboptimal plant population density (60–70 palms ha⁻¹) and management constraints were identified as the main limiting factors. Plantation revitalization through population improvement and better agronomic management is required to enhance sustainable oil palm productivity
Rice-Based Household Food Security in Benteng Subdistrict, Selayar Islands Regency: Evidence from Availability, Access, and Utilization Dimensions
Rice is the main staple food for most households in Indonesia; therefore, its availability, access, and utilization are important dimensions of household food security. This study aimed to analyze rice-based household food security in Benteng Subdistrict, Selayar Islands Regency, based on the dimensions of rice availability, access, and utilization. A descriptive quantitative approach with a survey design was employed. The sample consisted of 199 households selected from 7,726 households using simple random sampling. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire, while secondary data were obtained from institutional documents and scientific literature. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman's rho correlation, and ordinal regression. The results show that rice availability, access, and utilization were generally in the very high category. Spearman's rho indicated positive and significant relationships between rice-based household food security and rice availability (r = 0.761; p < 0.001), rice access (r = 0.703; p < 0.001), and rice utilization (r = 0.846; p < 0.001). Ordinal regression further indicated that the three dimensions were positively associated with the likelihood of households being in a higher rice-based food security category. Rice utilization was the dominant dimension (B = 4.920; p < 0.001; OR = 137.00), followed by rice availability (B = 1.835; p < 0.001; OR = 6.27) and rice access (B = 1.116; p = 0.016; OR = 3.05). These findings suggest that strengthening rice-based household food security in an archipelagic area requires attention to supply continuity, price affordability, and household capacity to manage rice consumption efficiently.
Analysis of Efficiency of the Lobster Marketing Channel in Aceh Simeulue Regency
This study aims to identify the marketing channel and analyze the marketing performance of wild-caught lobster in Simeulue Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The research was conducted using a descriptive case-study approach, with primary data collected through interviews and field observations involving four lobster fishers, one wholesaler (UD. Mahlil), one local restaurant buyer, and one outside-region buyer in Jakarta. The analysis focuses on marketing margin, marketing cost, and fishers’ share as indicators of marketing performance. The results show that lobster marketing in Simeulue is dominated by a single marketing channel, namely fishers → wholesaler → final buyers, which serves two market destinations: local and outside-region markets. For the local destination, the marketing margin is IDR 50,000/kg with an average marketing cost of IDR 20,000/kg, resulting in a fishers’ share of 80%. For the outside-region destination (Jakarta), the marketing margin reaches IDR 170,000/kg with an average marketing cost of IDR 40,000/kg, and the fishers’ share decreases to 51.43% due to higher transportation, handling, and logistics costs. These findings indicate that local lobster marketing provides a higher proportion of the final price to fishers, while access to outside-region markets offers higher absolute margins but reduces fishers’ relative share. The results indicate that the observed lobster marketing channel shows relatively efficient performance based on marketing margin, cost structure, and fishers’ share indicators.
Brand Image and Consumer Purchase Decisions: A Structural Equation Modeling Study of Meutuah Baro Rice in Aceh Besar, Indonesia
In modern marketing, brand image plays a crucial role in shaping consumers’ perceptions and purchase decisions. However, empirical evidence on the influence of brand image in the context of staple food products, particularly local rice brands, remains limited. This study aims to examine the effect of brand image on consumers’ purchase decisions for Meutuah Baro rice in Aceh Besar, Indonesia. A quantitative research design was employed using Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Data were collected from 96 consumers at Lambaro Market through a structured questionnaire. The results show that brand image has a significant positive effect on purchase decision, with a path coefficient of 0.668. Brand image explains 44.7% of the variance in purchase decisions, indicating a moderate level of explanatory power. The brand image construct is primarily formed by perceived premium quality, brand awareness, brand distinctiveness, brand–quality association, and consumer confidence, while purchase decisions are driven by product suitability for household needs, positive consumption experience, and consistent product availability. These findings demonstrate that brand image remains a key determinant of consumer behavior even for staple food products.
Does Integration Matter? Comparison of Credit Accessibility Between Integrated and Non-Integrated Livestock Farming
People’s Business Credit (KUR) is a subsidized microcredit scheme launched in 2007 by the Indonesian government to improve small and micro-enterprise financing. This study examines KUR’s effects on livestock farm performance in Boyolali Regency, Central Java, focusing on credit access, productivity, income and sustainability. Using primary data from 55 livestock farmers in four subdistricts, and employed binary logistic regression to model credit access as a function of education, experience, family size, land area, group integration (dairy–crop systems), livestock number, and annual turnover. The result showed that education significantly raised the odds of obtaining KUR (odds ratio = 4.43), indicating that more educated farmers are better able to navigate formal credit programs. Farmers engaged in integrated farm groups (dairy–crop) also had higher likelihood of credit access, consistent with evidence that collective structures facilitate loan acquisition. In contrast, experience, family size, farm size, herd size and income showed no statistically significant effects. Notably, only 9% of the surveyed farmers had accessed KUR, underscoring low uptake. These findings suggest that policy and extension efforts should emphasize farmer education and cooperative/group-based approaches to improve credit accessibility. Strengthening farmers’ knowledge and promoting credit schemes through organized farmer groups (e.g. cooperatives) could enhance participation in KUR and thereby bolster the productivity and sustainability of livestock enterprises.
Analysis of Production, Income and the Development Strategy of the Crystal Guava Commodity: A Case Study in Kuok Village, Kuok District, Kampar Regency
Guava Crystal (Psidium guajava L.) is a tropical-adapted guava variety with high commercial value and strong prospects for future development. Kuok District serves as a major production center for this commodity in Kampar Regency. Its substantial economic value indicates significant potential to improve farmers’ income and living standards.This study aims to identify effective development strategies for increasing farmers’ income through an analysis of production and income. Kuok Village, one of the main Guava Crystal–producing areas, was deliberately selected as the research site. The study employs a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis conducted in three stages to determine appropriate development strategies for Guava Crystal. The first stage is the input stage, which involves the analysis of the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) and External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrices.The results show that plant density has a significant influence on production, and that optimizing existing strengths and opportunities can enhance both output and farmers’ earnings. Guava Crystal farming has demonstrated high efficiency, generating an average annual income of IDR 92,537,895 per hectare with a return-to-cost ratio of 7.44. By optimizing plant population and leveraging the large market potential, development strategies can be implemented effectively, providing long-term benefits for farmers and improving their overall welfare.
A Systematic Review of Stages Aad Decision Making Approaches in Supply Chain Risk Management
Supply chain risk management (SCRM) is a key element in improving the resilience and sustainability of supply chain performance. Although studies on SCRM have developed, understanding the stages of risk management and decision-making approaches in determining mitigation strategies still requires systematic conceptual structuring. This article presents a systematic literature review aimed to (i) map the stages in supply chain risk management and (ii) identify and examine the decision-making approaches used in determining risk mitigation priorities and strategies. The review followed a structured protocol based on PRISMA diagram, including database selection, keyword formulation, inclusion–exclusion criteria, screening, eligibility assessment, and data extraction. Literature searches were conducted using Scopus and Google Scholar databases, resulting in 230 peer-reviewed articles included for in-depth analysis. The results of the study show that SCRM generally covers five core stages, namely risk identification, risk assessment, risk prioritization, mitigation alternative selection, and performance evaluation. Various decision-making approaches were found in the literature, including Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Analytic Network Process (ANP), Fuzzy Logic, House of Risk (HOR), Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR), Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), and hybrid approaches. This study confirms that there is no single universal approach for all supply chain contexts; the selection of methods must be tailored to the characteristics of the risks, the objectives of the decision-making, and the operational conditions of the supply chain. This systematic review is expected to strengthen the theoretical foundation and provide a reference for further research and the implementation of more effective and sustainable SCRM practices.
The Adoption of Agricultural Technology and Its Controlling Factors: A Partial Correlation Study
This study aims to analyze rice farmers’ perceptions of modern agricultural technologies and to examine the relationships among key perception variables while controlling for age and land size. The research was conducted in Kluet Utara and Kluet Selatan Districts, South Aceh Regency, involving 99 rice farmers selected through a stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering farming conditions before and after the use of modern technologies, access to machinery, operational skills, perceived welfare improvements, and farmers’ intention to continue using technology. Descriptive analysis was employed to compare pre- and post-mechanization conditions, while partial correlation analysis was used to assess the strength of relationships among variables after controlling for age and land size. The results reveal significant differences between farming conditions before and after mechanization, particularly in terms of labor efficiency and time savings. Farmers’ operational skills show a strong positive association with perceived welfare improvements, and this relationship remains robust even after controlling for age and land size. In contrast, access to agricultural machinery does not consistently correlate with welfare perceptions when control variables are included. These findings indicate that skills play a central role in maximizing the benefits of modern agricultural technologies, whereas demographic differences do not substantially influence farmers’ perception patterns. This study provides important implications for policy formulation, highlighting the need for skill-focused training programs and strengthened machinery service provision to ensure that agricultural mechanization effectively contributes to farmers’ welfare in a more equitable manner.
Analysis of the Comparative Advantages and Competitive Advantages of Indonesian Nutmeg, Pepper, and Cloves in The International Market
As a spice-producing country, Indonesia continues to maintain its role in the global spice trade. As an agricultural country, Indonesia has great potential in developing export-oriented plantation commodities, especially spices such as nutmeg, pepper, and cloves. This study aims to analyze the comparative advantage and competitive advantage of these three commodities in the international market. The data used is secondary data in the form of time series data for the period 2014–2023 sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and UN Comtrade. The analysis was conducted using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) method to measure comparative advantage and the Export Competitiveness Index (XCI) to assess competitive advantage. The results show that the three commodities have an average RCA value of more than 1 (RCA>1), which indicates a strong comparative advantage for nutmeg, pepper, and cloves in the international market. In addition, the average XCI values for nutmeg, pepper, and cloves were also greater than 1 (XCI>1), indicating that, in general, these commodities have competitive advantages, although they are not stable in every year of analysis. These findings show that Indonesia is still able to maintain the competitiveness of its leading spices in the international market, driven by increased production and global demand. Therefore, improvements in quality, productivity, and strengthening of export strategies are necessary to maintain the sustainability of the competitiveness of Indonesian nutmeg, pepper, and clove commodities.
Comparative Advantage, Competitive Advantage, Spice Export, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Indonesian Competitiveness
The Effect of Product Innovation and Promotion on The Purchase Decision of Kopi Kiri in The City of Banda Aceh
This study aims to analyze the effect of product innovation and promotion on the purchase decision of Kopi Kiri in Banda Aceh City. The background of this study stems from the increasingly fierce competition in the coffee industry, requiring companies to carry out effective innovation and promotion to attract consumers. The research method used is a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents who are Kopi Kiri consumers. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to determine the partial and simultaneous effects between variables. The results showed that product innovation and promotion had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, both partially and simultaneously, with a significance value of 0,000 (< 0,05). This indicates that the higher the level of product innovation and the more effective the promotional strategy, the greater the likelihood of consumers making a purchase. Overall, this study concludes that innovation and promotion are the main factors that influence the purchasing decisions of Kopi Kiri consumers in Banda Aceh. Therefore, the company needs to continue to increase creativity in product development and strengthen its promotional strategy to maintain and expand its market.
Product Innovation, Promotion, Purchase Decision, Kopi Kiri
Strategy for Developing The Economy of Farmers Through Non-Seed Watermelon Ultivation in Meue Village, Pidie Jaya Regency
Seedless watermelon cultivation in Gampong Meue, Pidie Jaya Regency, holds significant economic promise due to its profitable market price and short cultivation cycle, establishing it as a crucial source of supplementary income following the rice harvest season. However, despite this potential, farmers encounter challenges, including the risks of price fluctuations and high input costs. This qualitative research, employing a case study approach, will be conducted from March to April 2025, engaging the entire population of 30 seedless watermelon farmers in Gampong Meue as the study sample. Analysis using the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) and External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrices indicates that the business's strategic position is within the aggressive growth quadrant, signifying robust internal strength to capitalize on external opportunities. Consequently, a market penetration strategy achieved through increased production, product diversification, and expansion of distribution networks is strongly recommended to optimize its economic potential. Operationally, developing this agribusiness necessitates an integrated approach built on three primary pillars: (1) intensification and expansion of sustainable land use employing environmental modification technologies, such as drip irrigation; (2) enhancement of farmer capacity through training and the adoption of superior crop varieties; and (3) reinforcement of institutions and value chains by ensuring the consistent availability of inputs and establishing sustainable market partnerships to stabilize agricultural income and enhance competitiveness.
Farmer Economy; Seedless Watermelon; Development Strategy; Agricultural Empowerment; Agribusiness Sustainability
Perception of The Younger Generation (Gen Z) Towards The Farming Profession Case Study of Students of The Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University
The negative perception of the younger generation towards the farming profession has the potential to threaten the sustainability of the national agricultural sector. This study aims to analyze the perception of Faculty of Agriculture students towards the farming profession and the factors that affect the interest of Generation Z using primary data in 2025 (n= sample from students). Descriptive analysis showed negative overall perceptions (mean 2.56, "Disagree" category), low on welfare (2.28), convenience (2.04), and prestige (2.19), but high on the role of food security (3.75). Feasible logistic regression model (Hosmer-Lemeshow Sig.=0.830; Nagelkerke R²=0.244) revealed a significant influence of land ownership (B=1.240; Sig.=0.014) and family environment (B=-1.338; Sig.=0.027) on farming interests, while gender and parental occupation were insignificant. The findings emphasize the urgency of interventions to improve the image of the farmer profession to increase the interest of the younger generation.
Potential Risks to the Environmental Sustainability of Ecotourism: A Visitor Satisfaction Perspective at Labuhan Mangrove Park
Ecotourism serves as a strategic approach to environmental conservation while simultaneously enhancing public awareness of sustainability. The Labuhan Mangrove Ecotourism Park in Bangkalan Regency represents a destination that integrates both educational and conservation values through the protection of its mangrove ecosystem. Tourist visitation data from 2022 to 2024 indicate a fluctuating yet stagnant trend. This condition raises concerns, considering that the destination possesses a strong ecological advantage in the form of a well-preserved mangrove ecosystem. The stagnation in visitor numbers not only reflects a possible gap between the available ecological attractions and the level of visitor satisfaction but also signals the potential emergence of environmental risks. This study aims to analyze the potential environmental risks affecting the sustainability of the ecotourism environment. The analytical method utilizes the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) to assess visitor satisfaction regarding environmental sustainability, complemented by a Gap Analysis to identify potential disparities that may contribute to environmental risks. The evaluated aspects include mangrove protection, biodiversity conservation, water clarity, and shoreline protection. The findings reveal that the mangrove protection aspect received the highest importance and satisfaction scores, whereas shoreline protection received the lowest scores. The overall CSI value reached 76.44%, indicating a very high level of visitor satisfaction. However, the most significant gaps identified in the analysis—particularly in shoreline and mangrove protection—serve as early indicators of potential environmental risks. These results demonstrate that the sustainability aspects of the destination have not yet fully aligned with visitors’ expectations and present potential environmental risks. Therefore, improvements in infrastructure, environmental education programs, and public communication strategies are recommended to strengthen long-term environmental sustainability. This study makes an important contribution to the development of visitor experience–based environmental risk management strategies. It serves as a reference for destination managers and stakeholders in designing more sustainable and adaptive ecotourism initiatives in response to ongoing environmental challenges.
The Comparative Analysis of Income Between Sales in the Form of Dry Milled Grain (GKG) and Rice to Rice Farmers in Sungai Kakap District, Kubu Raya Regency
Dry-milled paddy (GKG) and milled rice represent different forms of harvested rice crops. The distinct processes involed in producing GKG and milled rice result in variations in revenue and production costs for each, consequently affecting farmers' incomes. This study compares the income of rice farmers who sell either dry milled paddy (GKG) or milled rice. The research was quantitative and was conducted in Sungai Kakap District, Kubu Raya Regency, specifically in Pal IX Village and Sungai Itik Village. This Study applied income analysis and a one-tailed independent sample t-test. The findings reveal that the average income of rice farmers selling dry milled paddy (GKG) was IDR 21,105,98/ha, while the average income of rice farmers selling milled rice was IDR 22,856,137/ha. The income difference test result show tht the significance value (1-tailed) is less than the significance level (0.000 < 0.05), leading to the rejection of H0 and acceptance of H1. This statistic confirms that the income of rice farmers selling milled rice is significantly greater than the income of rice farmers selling dry milled paddy (GKG).
An Analysis of The Performance of Indonesian Natural Rubber Export Development To China
Natural rubber is one of Indonesia’s leading export commodities, with the country ranked as the world’s second-largest producer. China, as the largest global consumer of natural rubber, plays a strategic role as Indonesia’s key export destination. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing Indonesia’s natural rubber exports to China by employing a quantitative approach using Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS). The results show that Indonesian rubber prices, Chinese rubber prices, Indonesian rubber production, and Chinese inflation significantly affect Indonesian natural rubber exports to China. Conversely, competitor countries’ rubber production, Chinese GDP, and Indonesian export quota policies are found to be insignificant. Furthermore, world rubber prices and competitor countries’ rubber prices significantly influence Indonesian domestic rubber prices. World rubber prices and Chinese rubber demand also significantly affect Chinese rubber prices, while the price of rubber substitute products in China shows no significant effect. These findings imply that price strategies, domestic production strengthening, and macroeconomic stability in the destination country must be considered when formulating Indonesia’s natural rubber export policies. Overall, the study provides valuable insights for enhancing Indonesia’s competitiveness in the global rubber market.
Analysis of Irrigated Lowland Rice Farming Efficiency in Juwiring District
Agricultural development is an effort to improve the standard of living of farmers, business opportunities, expand employment, and increase income, as well as expand markets both domestically and abroad. This can be achieved through advanced, efficient and resilient agriculture so as to increase yields, improve quality and support regional development. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficiency, income of rice commodity farming businesses in Juwiring District, Klaten Regency against irrigated rice fields. The research method used is the purposive sampling method. Data analysis uses farming business analysis in the form of efficiency analysis, income analysis and costs of irrigated rice farming. The results of this study indicate that irrigated rice fields in Juwiring District have an average income obtained by irrigation in Juwiring District of Rp 8,394,892.75 / Ha. Farming costs obtained by irrigated rice farmers amounted to 11,102,026.37 / Ha. The efficiency of irrigated rice farming businesses in Juwiring District is Rp 1.83. It can be concluded that irrigated rice farming in Juwiring District is feasible for farmers because R/C is more than 1 so that the irrigation farming carried out is efficient or feasible.
Efficiency, Income, Paddy Fields, Irrigation
Planning in The Development of Multipurpose Cooperatives (KSU) on Coffee Farming Businesses in Mandailing Natal Regency, North Sumatra Province
This research aims to reassess the effectiveness of the Mandailing Natal coffee farmer development empowerment program by collecting data through interview techniques, and making decisions on new strategic policies taken by the government as a stakeholder in coffee farmer empowerment activities. The research approach used is a descriptive qualitative approach. The analysis method used is descriptive qualitative analysis. The results obtained in Planning to develop Mandailing Jaya Multipurpose Cooperative include several important aspects. First, increasing coffee production by utilizing land and human resources and establishing partnerships to facilitate marketing. Second, overcoming obstacles through research and financial institutions, and expanding marketing networks with farmer organizations. Third, improve coffee quality and determine appropriate prices for farmers. Fourth, improve the marketing chain system to find the right strategy.