The Influence Of Maternal Parenting Patterns During Pregnancy On The Incidence Of Stunting In West Aceh District
Keywords:
Maternal Health, Stunting Incidence, Parenting PatternsAbstract
Stunting is a condition of growth failure in children under five caused by chronic malnutrition, particularly during the first 1,000 days of life. Stunting affects both physical growth and brain development. Various factors contribute to stunting, including inadequate parenting practices. Maternal parenting patterns during pregnancy play a crucial role in preventing stunting. This study aims to analyze the influence of maternal parenting patterns during pregnancy on the incidence of stunting in West Aceh District. The research employs an analytical survey method with a cross-sectional study design. The study was conducted in West Aceh District from September 2023 to March 2024. The population includes all mothers with children aged 0–24 months, totaling 3,785 individuals. A sample size of 320 mothers was determined using the Issac and Michael table. The sampling technique used multistage random sampling. Data analysis consisted of univariate and multivariate analyses, with the latter using multiple logistic regression tests at a 95% confidence level (α=0.05). The study results indicate that maternal parenting patterns significantly influencing stunting include maternal dietary intake (p=0.001; ExpB=43.601), environmental health (p=0.001; ExpB=41.250), healthcare services (p=0.001; ExpB=41.250), maternal knowledge (p=0.001; ExpB=29.561), maternal attitudes (p=0.001; ExpB=60.539), and maternal actions (p=0.001; ExpB=69.996). Recommendations include encouraging couples to pay more attention to maternal health during pregnancy. Health services, such as health departments and community health centers, are advised to implement programs emphasizing the importance of proper maternal parenting during pregnancy and to establish community groups that focus on maternal health.
References
de Onis M. World health organization child growth standards. The Biology of the First 1,000 Days. 2017. 17–32 p.
Anggraini Y, Romadona NF. Review of Stunting in Indonesia. 2020;454(Ecep 2019):281–4.
Farisni TN, Zakiyuddin Z. Pembentukan Kp-Stunting (Kelompok Preventif Stunting) Sebagai Intervensi Berbasis Upaya Kesehatan Masyarakat Di Kabupaten Aceh Barat. LOGISTA - J Ilm Pengabdi Kpd Masy. 2020;4(2):94.
World Health Organization. Stunting prevalence among children under 5 years of age (%) (model-based estimates) [Internet]. 2022. Available from: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/gho-jme-stunting-prevalence
Gebreayohanes M, Dessie A. Prevalence of stunting and its associated factors among children 6-59 months of age in pastoralist community, Northeast Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study. PLoS One [Internet]. 2022;17(2 February):1–15. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256722
Das S, Chanani S, Shah More N, Osrin D, Pantvaidya S, Jayaraman A. Determinants of stunting among children under 2 years in urban informal settlements in Mumbai, India: evidence from a household census. J Heal Popul Nutr. 2020;39(1):1–13.
Chowdhury MRK, Khan HTA, Rashid M, Kabir R, Islam S, Shariful Islam M, et al. Differences in risk factors associated with single and multiple concurrent forms of undernutrition (stunting, wasting or underweight) among children under 5 in Bangladesh: A nationally representative cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2021;11(12):1–16.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Survei Status Gizi Indonesia 2021 [Internet]. 2022. Available from: https://doi.org/10.36805/bi.v2i1.301.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Laporan Provinsi Aceh Riskesdas 2018 [Internet]. 2019. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.02.027%0Ahttps://www.golder.com/insights/block-caving-a-viable-alternative/%0A???
Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Survei Status Gizi Indonesia 2021. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2021.
Kemenkes RI. Survei Status Gizi SSGI 2022. Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan Kemenkes RI. 2022. 1–156 p.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023 [Internet]. 2023. Available from: https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/hasil-ski-2023/
Alfridsyah, Zaman N. Strategi Teknis Pelaksanaan Rumoh Gizi Gampong dalam Pencegahan Stunting di Aceh. Aceh: Pixelindo; 2022. 158 p.
Saputri UA, Pangestuti DR, Rahfiludin MZ. Pengetahuan Gizi dan Pola Asuh Ibu sebagai Faktor Risiko Stunting Usia 6-24 Bulan di Daerah Pertanian. Media Kesehat Masy Indones. 2021;20(6):433–42.
Marshall NE, Abrams B, Barbour LA, Catalano P, Christian P, Friedman JE, et al. The importance of nutrition in pregnancy and lactation: lifelong consequences. Am J Obstet Gynecol [Internet]. 2022;226(5):607–32. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.12.035
Andarwulan S, Anjarwati N, Alam HS, Aryani NP, Afrida BR, Bintanah S, et al. Gizi pada ibu hamil. 2015. 6 p.
Mousa A, Naqash A, Lim S. Macronutrient and micronutrient intake during pregnancy: An overview of recent evidence. Nutrients. 2019;11(2):1–20.
Sugianti E, Buanasita A, Hidayanti H, Putri BD. Analisis faktor ibu terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita usia 24-59 bulan di perkotaan. AcTion Aceh Nutr J. 2023;8(1):30.
Ali A. Current Status of Malnutrition and Stunting in Pakistani Children: What Needs to Be Done? J Am Coll Nutr [Internet]. 2021;40(2):180–92. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2020.1750504
Mardani RAD, Wetasin K, Suwanwaiphatthana W. the Predicting Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Stunting in Children Under Five Years of Age. J Kesehat Masy. 2015;11(1):1.
Mertens A, Benjamin-Chung J, Colford JM, Coyle J, van der Laan MJ, Hubbard AE, et al. Causes and consequences of child growth faltering in low-resource settings. Nature. 2023;621(7979):568–76.
Birhanie MW, Adekunle AO, Arowojolu AO, Dugul TT, Mebiratie AL.
Micronutrients Deficiency and Their Associations with Pregnancy Outcomes: A Review
. Nutr Diet Suppl. 2020;Volume 12:237–54.Awuchi CG, Igwe VS, Amagwula IO. Nutritional Diseases and Nutrient Toxicities: a Systematic Review of the Diets and Nutrition for Prevention and Treatment. Int J Adv Acad Res | Sci. 2020;ISSN(1):2488–9849.
Shonibare MT, Oyinloye BE. Roles of Micronutrients in Pregnancy. Platin Open Access J. 2021;10(3):2605–13.
Badjuka BYM. The Correlation between Low Birth Weight and Stunting in 24-59 Month Children in Haya-Haya Village, Western Limboto Sub-District, Gorontalo Regency. Afiasi J Kesehat Masy. 2020;5(1):23–32.
Farag MA, Hamouda S, Gomaa S, Agboluaje AA, Hariri MLM. Dietary Micronutrients from Zygote to Senility : Updated Review of Minerals ’ Role and Orchestration in Human. Nutrients. 2021;
Sartika AN, Khoirunnisa M, Meiyetriani E, Ermayani E, Pramesthi IL, Nur Ananda AJ. Prenatal and postnatal determinants of stunting at age 0–11 months: A cross-sectional study in Indonesia. PLoS One [Internet]. 2021;16(7 July):1–14. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254662
Giles ML, Mason E, Muñoz FM, Moran AC, Lambach P, Merten S, et al. Antenatal care service delivery and factors affecting effective tetanus vaccine coverage in low- and middle-income countries: Results of the Maternal Immunisation and Antenatal Care Situational analysis (MIACSA) project. Vaccine [Internet]. 2020;38(33):5278–85. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.05.025
Iqbal S, Ali I, Ekmekcioglu C, Kundi M. Increasing Frequency of Antenatal Care Visits May Improve Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination Coverage in Pregnant Women in Pakistan. Hum Vaccines Immunother [Internet]. 2020;16(7):1529–32. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2019.1705693
Desta M, Akalu TY, Alamneh YM, Talie A, Alemu AA, Tessema Z, et al. Perinatal mortality and its association with antenatal care visit, maternal tetanus toxoid immunization and partograph utilization in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2021;11(1):1–17. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98996-5
Munyogwa MJ, Gibore NS, Ngowi AF, Mwampagatwa IH. Effect of nutritional education intervention to reduce anaemia during pregnancy in Dodoma City, Tanzania: Protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. Biol Methods Protoc. 2021;6(1):1–7.
Taneja S, Chowdhury R, Dhabhai N, Upadhyay RP, Mazumder S, Sharma S, et al. Impact of a package of health, nutrition, psychosocial support, and WaSH interventions delivered during preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood periods on birth outcomes and on linear growth at 24 months of age: Factorial, individually randomised co. BMJ. 2022;
Sethi V, Choedon T, Chowdhury R, Bhatia N, Dinachandra K, Murira Z, et al. Screening and management options for severe thinness during pregnancy in India. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2021;155(3):357–79.
Gonete AT, Kassahun B, Mekonnen EG, Takele WW. Stunting at birth and associated factors among newborns delivered at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital. PLoS One [Internet]. 2021;16(1 January):1–16. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245528
Azhaar AHN. Risk factors Influencing Low Birth Weight Indonesia: A Comprehensive Literature Review. J Kesehat Tambusai. 2024;5(2):2749–60.
Sudarianti, Rini Susanti, Ruri Aditya Sari. Mother’s Behavior and Knowledge in Preventing Stunting Through Breastfeeding Complementary Feeding to Children Aged 6-24 Months. Sci Midwifery. 2022;10(4):3156–63.
Dessy, Yunita L, Sinulingga NAB. Pengaruh Karakteristik Individu Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT. Perkebunan Nusantara II Pagar Merbau. J Manag Sci. 2018;1(1):1–6.
Yunitasari E, Pradanie R, Arifin H, Fajrianti D, Lee BO. Determinants of stunting prevention among mothers with children aged 6–24 months. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2021;9:378–84.
Gunardi S, Hanawidjaya RR, Redjeki F, Sudrajat A. Peningkatan Pengetahuan Ibu tentang Makanan Sehat untuk Mencegah Stunting pada Anak Usia Dini. Communnity Dev J [Internet]. 2024;5(3):4391–8. Available from: https://jptam.org/index.php/jptam/article/view/5645
Wulandari RD, Laksono AD. Determinants of knowledge of pregnancy danger signs in Indonesia. PLoS One [Internet]. 2020;15(5):1–11. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232550
Rockliffe L, Peters S, Heazell AEP, Smith DM. Factors influencing health behaviour change during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-synthesis. Health Psychol Rev [Internet]. 2021;15(4):613–32. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2021.1938632
Bayked EM, Yimer EM, Gelaw T, Mohammed AS, Mekonen NA. Dietary knowledge, attitude, practice, and associated factors among pregnant mothers in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front public Heal. 2024;12(September):1393764.
Syafitasari J, Putri PS, Afriannisyah E. Influence of Nutrition Management Education on Mothers Knowledge and Attitudes in Fulfilling Nutrition for Obese Pregnant Women. Media Gizi Indones. 2024;19(1SP):52–7.
Siregar N, Nurachma E, Raihanah S. The effect of pregnant mother assistance on stunting prevention behavior. Healthc Low-Resource Settings. 2023;11(2).
Astuti A, Muyassaroh Y, Ani M. The Relationship Between Mother’s Pregnancy History and Baby’s Birth to the incidence of stunting in infants. J Midwifery Sci Basic Appl Res. 2020;2(1):22–6.
Widayati K, Putra I kadek AD, Dewi NLMA. Determinant Factor for Stunting in Toddler. J Aisyah J Ilmu Kesehat. 2021;6(1):9–16.
Abdillah S. The Effect of Maternal and Child Factors on Stunting in Children Under Five Years in Rural Indonesia. KnE Life Sci. 2022;2022:813–22.
Rossiter C, Henry A, Roberts L, Brown MA, Gow M, Arnott C, et al. Optimising mothers’ health behaviour after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a qualitative study of a postnatal intervention. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2022;22(1):1–11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13590-2
Grenier LN, Atkinson SA, Mottola MF, Wahoush O, Thabane L, Xie F, et al. Be Healthy in Pregnancy: Exploring factors that impact pregnant women’s nutrition and exercise behaviours. Matern Child Nutr. 2021;17(1):1–9.
