Implementation of Occupational Health and Safety Using the Hiradc Method (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determining Control) In Mining Areas: Literature Review

Abstract

The mining industry is one of the sectors with a high risk of occupational accidents due to the use of heavy equipment, unstable road conditions, and extreme working environments. This study employed a literature review method by examining three published journals that discussed the application of the HIRADC method (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determining Control) in mining activities. The objective of this research is to analyze hazards and risks using the HIRADC method, which includes hazard identification, risk assessment, and risk control in mining areas. The purpose of this method is to reduce occupational accident risks in mining areas. A systematic review approach was used to examine relevant articles on occupational safety in the mining sector, with a particular focus on the implementation of the HIRADC method. Three studies were identified and then screened based on their titles, abstracts, and relevant content. The findings show that the most frequently identified hazards were physical hazards such as noise, vibration, dust, slippery roads, equipment collisions, and fall risks from height, along with chemical, biological, and ergonomic/unsafe act hazards. Risk assessments indicated that medium- and high-risk categories were the most dominant due to the relatively high probability of occurrence and severe impacts on both workers and equipment. Risk controls were mostly implemented through administrative measures and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), while elimination and substitution were rarely applied, although some studies have started to move toward these strategies. Overall, the review emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive application of the hierarchy of controls to reduce occupational accident rates in mining areas.