A Narrative Review : Heatstroke Prevention Among Outdoor Industrial Workers in the Context of Climate Change: Stakeholder Responsibilities and Management Approaches in Indonesia

Abstract

Global climate change has become a major challenge to Occupational Safety and Health, particularly in developing countries with tropical climates such as Indonesia. The increase in the Earth’s average temperature by more than 1.5°C has had a significant impact on labor productivity and has increased the risk of heat -related disorders, such as heat exhaustion and heatstroke. This study aims to examine the impact of climate change on occupational health and the preventive measures against heatstroke based on Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) principles and relevant national policies. A narrative review was conducted by analyzing scientific literature published between 2013 and 2025. The review findings indicate that rising environmental temperatures due to climate change significantly increase the risk of heat-related disorders among outdoor workers. Factors such as high levels of physical activity, heavy workloads, and inadequate hydration further exacerbate this risk. The implementation of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) strategies, including work scheduling, acclimatization, worker training, and the provision of cooling facilities and drinking water has been proven effective in reducing the incidence of heatstroke. The enforcement of employer-based and governmental policies is essential to ensure safe and climate-adaptive working conditions. Climate change has a substantial impact on occupational health by elevating the risk of heatstroke among outdoor workers. Implementing OSH-based preventive strategies, supported by strong governmental policy and intersectoral collaboration, is essential to protect worker health and maintain productivity in an era of escalating global temperatures.